The "no" in the original five (Moon, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Venus) sailor's family names is NOT the preposition 'of'. It's ?, which means "a field" or "a plain". Basically, their names SOUND LIKE, but do not literally mean:
Usagi of the Moon
Ami of Water
Rei of Fire
Makoto of Wood
Minako of Love
Haruka, Michiru, and Setsuna's family names do indeed have the character for "ruler/king" as the second kanji. Respectively, they are "heavens king" or "sky king"; "ocean king"; and "dark king". Their personal names SOUND LIKE, but do not mean, respectively, "distant/remote" (Haruka), "to rise" [as the tide] (Michiru), and "instant/moment" (Setsuna).
Hotaru's name doesn't fit either of the above patterns. Her family name's first character means "earth" (as in soil) and the second means "to germinate" or "to sprout".
Chiba Mamoru's name is pretty literal. His personal name is a literal Japanese word meaning "to protect" or "to guard", and his family name's first character (?) is the first in the Japanese name for the planet Earth. Overall, his name basically means "Earth protector".