Kaijo said:
Close, but cloning isn't inherently bad.
I said that conducting research and experimentation on children is bad.
Experimenting with the cloning process inherently means trying something different without knowing what the result will be. If you know what the result will be, it's not experimentation.
This is gambling with a baby's life.
Project F wasn't just any old cloning project. It wasn't simply introducing spermoza to eggs. It was about reliably producing mages; controlling the random genetic mix-up to produce a desired result.
Perfecting genetic engineering on that level is BOUND to be risky. You can't be sure that the worst mistake would be just producing clones without magical power at all. That could simply be the kindest failure.
True, there might come a point where genetic engineering research (conducted on lab animals) can reach a point where the risks are extremely minor. But until that point, jumping straight into human/child experimentation ought to be illegal.
The TSAB declared it illegal. That sort of suggests that the technology wasn't safe enough yet.
Project Fate wasn't created for good reasons, and it's hard to see what good use it could be put towards. [At least as intended. See below.]
It's a technique that imprints memories belonging to one person onto a completely different person. Fate Testarossa was not Alicia, no matter how much she remembered her life.
Presea denied Fate her own childhood by accelerating her growth and giving her someone else's memories. When would that ever be preferable to letting a child grow up normally and letting her make her own memories?
[Moral/ethical uses of memory-imprinting technology might be "curing" amnesia, or speed-education.]
Cloning as a form of childbirth/fertility aid is fine, but that's because the clone is being treated like a child and raised within a loving family as a human being.
Outside of that, cloning treats babies as tools. It's dehumanizing, inhumane, and cruel.
Babies should never be produced as Fate, Erio and Vivio were produced. Neither Ginga or Subaru.
Ironically, the Numbers' birth is less controversial than the Type-0s', since their creator treated them as his own children. But it doesn't change the fact that he produced them through child-experimentation. (Also, that someone as unhinged as him had no business raising children.)
So what is the moral argument against cloning your dead son, ala Erio? You simply create a new life, like you would if you had sex and got a woman pregnant normally.
They tried to force the second son to be someone he wasn't. It was wrong when Presea did that to Fate, and it's not okay now.