RE: The Naruversity
Rotation, Power and Compression: using them together represents the highest lever of Shape Manipulation.
The Rasengan(螺旋丸, Spiralling Sphere) is a jutsu created by the Fourth Hokage using said principles: powerful spiralling chakra is compressed in a spheric shape.
Said sphere has quite the penetrating capacity, but its real power is revealed when the highly compressed chakra whirlpool is suddenly freed on the enemy's body, resulting in a rotating explosion.
The size of the Rasengan is proportional to the chakra used for it.
Naruto(and Jiraiya) did develop a number of variations:
Ōdama Rasengan(大玉螺旋丸, Big Ball Spiralling Sphere) is a Rasengan variation where the Chakra is compressed to a even higher ratio than in a normal Rasengan: it uses more chakra than a normal Rasengan of the same size, resulting therefore more powerful.
Ōdama Rasentairengan(大玉螺旋帯連丸, Big Ball Spiralling Chained Belt Sphere) is using many Ōdama Rasengan to form a defensive wall from enemy attacks
SenpÅ: ChÅÅdama Rasengan(仙法・超大玉螺旋丸, Sage Art: Super Big Ball Spiralling Sphere) is a ÅŒdama Rasengan made using Senjutsu Chakra. Because Senjutsu Chakra is so powerful, its size had to be expanded many times compared to a Rasengan or ÅŒdama Rasengan with the same amount of normal Chakra.
Jiraiya doesn't use the "SenpÅ" prefix, but it's the same technique.
SenpÅ: ChÅÅdama Rasentarengan(仙法・超大玉螺旋多連丸, Sage Art: Super Big Ball Spiralling Mass Chained Spheres) is using many SenpÅ ChÅÅdama Rasengan to attack an enemy.
Rasenrengan(螺旋連丸, Spiralling Chained Spheres) is a variation on the use of the Rasengan: by using two Rasengan with opposite rotations at the same time, the damages inflicted to the enemy is elevated by many times.
Wakusei Rasengan(惑星螺旋丸, Planetary Spiralling Spheres) is the direct upgrade of the Rasenrengan: by using 4 Rasengan with different rotations, the damage inflicted rises exponentially.
RasenkyÅ«gan(螺旋å¸ä¸¸, Spiralling Absorbing Sphere) is grinding many enemies' face to a single Rasengan using the Chakra Limbs from Kurama Chakra Mode
Rasenrangan(螺旋乱丸, Spiralling Wild Spheres) is using the Chakra Limbs to hit many enemies at the same time with a Rasengan for each limb
SenpÅ: Jiton Rasengan(仙法・ç£é螺旋丸, Sage Art: Magnet Release Spiralling Sphere) made with Shukaku's chakra, it has a Sealing effect.
Some source